Careful assistance? Personal assistance within the family as hybridization of modern welfare policy and traditional family care

The aim of this article is to examine how different ideological perspectives on Swedish disability policy, are reflected in the experiences of disabled people and their families personal assistants. Personal assistance provided within the family can be seen as a hybridization between publicly regulated and paid work performed in the private family sphere, and thus conflicting norms and practices may coexist. In Sweden, family members of the assistant user can be employed as paid personal assistants. Many users combine personal assistance from family members with non-family assistance. Approximately 20–25% of the employed personal assistants are relatives of the assistance users. The empirical data consists of qualitative interviews with seventeen adult users and twenty-three family members employed as PAs with different types of family ties; parent-child relationships, sibling relationships and partner relationships. The findings show that family assistance could entail advantages such as personalised services, to combine instrumental and emotional assistance as well as achieving a power-balance between the parties. But there were also disadvantages, such as unwanted or enforced dependency, with a risk for both parties to be ‘locked up’ in the family. In an overall analysis, we distinguished three broad approaches towards family assistance, family as a substitute, family as a supplement and family first.     

Quality of life in caregivers of a family member with serious mental illness: Evidence from China

Purpose

To evaluate the quality of life (QoL) and social support among family caregivers of a family member with a mental illness and to identify factors associated with the QoL.

2015—2018年西安市百日咳流行特征分析

目的 分析西安市2015—2018年百日咳流行病学特征，为预防和控制百日咳传播提供参考。方法 采用描述流行病学方法，对中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2015—2018年期间西安市百日咳报告病例和此期间西安市百日咳哨点监测病例的数据进行统计学分析。结果 西安市2015—2018年共报告百日咳确诊病例1 635例，发病率分别为3.97/10万、4.11/10万、4.85/10万和5.28/10万，发病有逐年上升趋势（χ2趋势 = 21.719，P＜0.001）；高发季为3—8月（2015—2018年分别占该年度总发病数的75.73%、66.76%、78.97%和80.27%）；以3～6月龄发病比例最高（2015—2018年分别占该年度总发病数的50.58%、48.60%、48.36%和41.22%）；未全程接种疫苗患儿所占比例最大（2015—2018年分别为36.26%、23.74%、42.76%和33.73%），未到接种年龄就发病所占比例有逐年升高趋势（χ2趋势 = 10.302，P = 0.001），无免疫史患儿比例呈逐年降低趋势（χ2趋势 = 36.088，P＜0.001）；3种实验室检测方法中荧光PCR的检出率最高（40.12%）；传播模式除了散发病例，出现了家庭聚集现象，且所有流行病学相关病例均被漏诊或误诊。结论 西安市近年来百日咳发病率有明显上升趋势，＜6月龄婴儿为主要发病人群，百日咳的日常监测仍有待加强，且其家庭聚集式传播现象值得关注。     

首发精神障碍家庭照顾者经历的系统评价

目的：系统评价首发精神障碍家庭照顾者的经历，为患者早期康复及照顾者心理健康问题的干预提供循证依据。方法：计算机检索The Cochrane Library、Ovid 、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CBM、CNKI、VIP和WANFANG DATE 数据库，检索时限均从建库至2021年7月31日，使用“JBI循证卫生保健中心质性研究质量评价标准”评价符合纳入标准的文献，并采用汇集性整合法对研究结果进行整合。结果：纳入12篇文献，提炼出60个研究结果，整理成8个类别，得出3个整合结果。分别是多维度的挑战、成长或缺如的角色结局、急需的社会支持。结论：亟需提高全民心理健康素质及去精神障碍疾病污名化，营造患者及家属无障碍化就医环境；关注家庭照顾者早期心理健康的干预，满足其社会支持的需要，提高该类人群应激应对能力，促进照顾者心理康复。     

住院癌症患者衰弱风险预测模型的构建与验证

目的 调查住院癌症患者发生衰弱的危险因素，构建风险预测模型并检验预测效果。方法 选取广州市2所三级甲等医院住院癌症患者570例，分为建模集422例和验证集148例。采用一般资料调查表、Fried衰弱表型、安德森症状评估量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表、中文版失志量表、营养风险筛查2002、Barthel指数量表进行调查，同期收集患者的白细胞介素-6、C-反应蛋白等实验室指标，应用logistic回归分析筛选衰弱的独立危险因素，构建风险预测模型。结果 住院癌症患者衰弱发生率为33.7%,衰弱的影响因素分别为：造口、营养状况、抑郁、神经心理症状群、消化道症状群、D-二聚体、白细胞介素-6。建模集和验证集ROC曲线下面积为0.788、0.735;Brier得分为0.205,校准斜率为0.625,决策曲线分析表明模型具有一定的临床可用性。结论 住院癌症患者衰弱发生率较高，构建的列线图预测模型具有较好的风险预测价值，可有效识别和筛选住院癌症衰弱高危人群。     

Assessment of family physicians' knowledge about fibromyalgia in Egypt

Aim of the workTo assess knowledge of Egyptian family physicians about the diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities of fibromyalgia.Subjects and methodsA questionnaire and an informed consent were sent by email to family physicians working in primary health care centers in Egypt. The questionnaire assessed 3 areas: sociodemographic and professional data; knowledge about diagnosis; and knowledge about treatment modalities. Scoring system was used to categorize levels of knowledge into very low, low, moderate, high and very high.ResultsA total of 108 family physicians responded, with a response rate of 60%.The respondents were 27 consultants, 54 specialists and 27 residents, with a median age of 33 years and a median experience of 12 years. Very low, low and moderate levels of familiarity with fibromyalgia were perceived by 28.7%, 30.6% and 28% respectively. Close to half of participants (46.2%) gained their knowledge about fibromyalgia through self-study. According to the scoring system, 39.8% had low level of knowledge about clinical presentation and 37% had the same level of knowledge about treatment modalities. About three quarters (76%) of participants agreed that patients with fibromyalgia should be referred to rheumatologists. The most common selected clinical presentations were widespread pain (94.4%) and excessive fatigue (91.7%), while the most selected treatment modalities were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (89.8%) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (47.2%).ConclusionKnowledge about clinical presentation and treatment modalities of fibromyalgia among Egyptian family physicians is low. Continuing medical education about fibromyalgia is needed to improve quality of health care.